Strings

let greeting = "Hello, world!"
print(greeting)

print("Hello\nWorld")   // newline
print("Hello\tWorld")   // tab
print("She said \"hi\"") // escaped quotes
print("Path: C:\\Users") // backslash

let name = "Simon"
let age = 30

// Variable interpolation
print(`Hello, {name}!`)           // "Hello, Simon!"

// Expression interpolation
print(`Next year: {age + 1}`)     // "Next year: 31"
print(`1 + 1 = {1 + 1}`)          // "1 + 1 = 2"

// Nested field access
let user = { name = "Alice", score = 95 }
print(`{user.name} scored {user.score}`)

let first = "Hello"
let second = " World"
let combined = first + second
print(combined)  // "Hello World"

// You can also concatenate numbers with strings
let count = 5
print(count + " items")  // "5 items"

let a = "Alice"
let b = "alice"
print(a == b)   // false
print(a != b)   // true

let text = "  Hello, World!  "

// Case conversion
print(text.ToUpper())        // "  HELLO, WORLD!  "
print(text.ToLower())        // "  hello, world!  "

// Trimming whitespace
print(text.Trim())           // "Hello, World!"
print(text.TrimStart())      // "Hello, World!  "
print(text.TrimEnd())        // "  Hello, World!"

// Searching
let msg = "Hello, World!"
print(msg.Contains("World")) // true
print(msg.StartsWith("He"))  // true
print(msg.EndsWith("!"))     // true
print(msg.IndexOf("World"))  // 7

// Splitting and joining
let csv = "one,two,three"
let parts = csv.Split(",")   // ["one", "two", "three"]

// Replacing
let replaced = msg.Replace("World", "Jitzu")
print(replaced)              // "Hello, Jitzu!"

// Substring
print(msg.Substring(0, 5))   // "Hello"

// Length
print(msg.Length)             // 13

let poem = "Roses are red,\nViolets are blue,\nJitzu is fun,\nAnd so are you."
print(poem)

let msg = "hello
// Error: String terminated abnormally

// Fix: close the string on the same line
let msg = "hello"

let ch = '\x'
// Error: Invalid escape character sequence

// Valid escapes: \n, \t, \\, \", \'

let msg = `value: {}`
// Error: Not expecting this in an interpolated string

// Fix: put an expression inside the braces
let x = 42
let msg = `value: {x}`